A.Zanobini, S.Giovannetti, Incertezza di Misura e Acquisizione di Segnali. Teoria ed esercizi risolti Esculapio Editore - Bologna.
Other books:
Bava, Ottoboni, Svelto: Fondamenti della misurazione, Esculapio editore, Bologna.
Bava, Galzerano, Norgia, Ottoboni, Svelto: Misure elettroniche di laboratorio, Pitagora editrice, Bologna.
Norgia, Pesatori, Svelto: Esercizi di misure, Esculapio editore, Bologna.
Learning Objectives
In this course will be presented the main aspects of metrology science. After a short introduction about statistic inference and sensors, we will study the main instruments for electric and electronic measurements.
Prerequisites
Probability, random variables, probability distributions.
Teaching Methods
Practical and theoretical lessons in the classroom and in the laboratory.
Further information
Teaching of software, MINITAB, GUM workbench, LABVIEW.
Type of Assessment
Written and oral test, test on LABVIEW software.
Course program
1- Basic Metrology. Introduction to this course. Web site of the course. Why is it so important to measure? Legal, commercial, technical and scientific reasons. Main terms in metrology. Metrology on the WEB.
2- Metrology language. Measurement result as an interval of values. The measurement result as a random variable. Measurement and probability: expected value and variance of a measurement result. MINITAB software for a statistical analysis. Two continuous distributions: uniform and gaussian distribution. Taylor and Tchebycheff contributions. Confidence intervals and measurement results.
3- Basic Statistics. Frequency distributions and tables, Histograms and other basic plots. Location and variability indexes. Correlation between two random variables. Samples theory. t, F and Chi-square distibutions. Parameter estimation: Confidence interval for the mean of a population, for the variance and for the ratio of two variances. Hypothesis test on the mean of a population, on the variance and on the ratio of two variances. Chi-square tests: goodness-of-fit test and indipendence test.
4-The uncertainty estimation in the measurement design. (GUM standard and ISO/TAG 4/WG 3). Errors and uncertainties. Main definitions and uncertainty sources. The probabilistic model: type A and B uncertainties. Standard uncertainty. Coverage factor. Extended uncertainty. Presentation of a measurement result. Direct and indirect measurements. Practical example on the measurement of a resistance with a digital multimeter, with the voltamperometric method, with the Wheatstone bridge. Introduction to supplement 1 of the GUM standard. GUM-Workbench software for uncertainty evaluation.
5- The main parameters characterizing an instrument or a sensor/transducer. The international unit system (SI - UNI 10003 - D.M. 591). Multiples and submultiples. Writing rules. The international metrology organization (ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC). National calibration service (UNI, CEI, SNT).
6- Theory of AC and DC measurements. Operation principles for the measuring instruments. The decibel definition. Load effect for a measuring instrument. Sensors and transducers, models, design and main physical effects.
7- Practical AC and DC measurements: analog (electromechanical) and digital instruments. Numerical counters. Digital voltmeters and ADC converters. Digital multimeters. Digital Oscilloscopes. LABVIEW software and virtual instruments.